Desistance Free Essays

string(46) were survivors of their own absence of insight). Criminology Criminal Justice  © 2006 SAGE Publications (London, Thousand Oaks New Delhi) and the British Society of Criminology. www. sagepublications. We will compose a custom exposition test on Desistance or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now com ISSN 1748â€8958; Vol: 6(1): 39â€62 DOI: 10. 1177/1748895806060666 A desistance worldview for wrongdoer the board FERGUS McNEILL Universities of Glasgow and Strathclyde, UK Abstract In an in? uential article distributed in the British Journal of Social Work in 1979, Anthony Bottoms and Bill McWilliams proposed the selection of a ‘non-treatment paradigm’ for probation practice. Their contention laid on a cautious and considered examination not just of exact proof about the incapability of rehabilitative treatment yet in addition of hypothetical, good and philosophical inquiries regarding such intercessions. By 1994, rising proof about the potential adequacy of some mediation programs was suf? cient to lead Peter Raynor and Maurice Vanstone to propose signi? cant modifications to the ‘non-treatment paradigm’. In this article, it is contended that an alternate however similarly applicable type of exact evidenceâ€that got from desistance studiesâ€suggests a need to rethink these prior ideal models for probation practice. This reexamination is likewise required by the way that such investigations empower us to comprehend and speculate both desistance itself and the job that reformatory experts may play in supporting it. At last, these observational and hypothetical bits of knowledge drive us back to the mind boggling interfaces among specialized and moral inquiries that distracted Bottoms and McWilliams and that should include all the more conspicuously in contemporary discussions about the fates of ‘offender management’ and of our punitive frameworks. Catchphrases desistance †¢ viability †¢ morals †¢ guilty party the board †¢ nontreatment worldview †¢ probation 39 40 Criminology Criminal Justice 6(1) Introduction Basic investigators of the historical backdrop of thoughts in the probation administration have diagrammed the different recreations of probation practice that have went with changes in reformatory hypotheses, strategies and sensibilities. Most broadly, McWilliams (1983, 1985, 1986, 1987) portrayed the changes of probation from an evangelist try that planned to spare spirits, to a professionalized try that intended to ‘cure’ irritating through rehabilitative treatment, to a sober minded undertaking that meant to give options in contrast to guardianship and functional assistance for wrongdoers (see likewise Vanstone, 2004). Later pundits have recommended later changes of probation practice related ? rst to its reworking, in England and Wales, as ‘punishment in the community’ and afterward to its expanding center around hazard the board and open insurance (Robinson and McNeill, 2004). In every one of these periods of probation history, experts, scholastics and different analysts have tried to explain new ideal models for probation practice. In spite of the fact that a great part of the discussion about the benefits of these ideal models has concentrated on experimental inquiries regarding the ef? acy of various ways to deal with the treatment and the board of guilty parties, probation ideal models likewise re? ect, verifiably or unequivocally, advancements both in the way of thinking and in the human science of discipline. The inceptions of this article are comparable in that the underlying stimulus for the advancement of a desistance worldview for ‘offender management’1 rose up out of surveys of desistance investigate (McNeill, 2003) and, more speci? cally, from the ? ndings of some especially significant ongoing investigations (Burnett, 1992; Rex, 1999; Maruna, 2001; Farrall, 2002). Nonetheless, closer assessment of certain parts of the desistance inquire about additionally proposes a regulating case for another worldview; to be sure, a portion of the observational proof appears to make a need out of certain ‘practice virtues’. That these ideals are apparently in decay because of the fore-fronting of hazard and open insurance in contemporary criminal equity serves to make the improvement of the case for a desistance worldview both convenient and essential. Keeping that in mind, the structure of this article is as per the following. It starts with outlines of two significant ideal models for probation practiceâ€the ‘nontreatment paradigm’ (Bottoms and McWilliams, 1979) and the ‘revised paradigm’ (Raynor and Vanstone, 1994). The article at that point continues with an investigation of the developing hypothetical and experimental case for a desistance worldview. This area draws not just on the ? ndings of desistance concentrates yet in addition on ongoing investigations of the adequacy of various ways to deal with making sure about ‘personal change’ when all is said in done and on late improvements in the ‘what works’ writing specifically. The moral case for a desistance worldview is then best in class not just in the light of the experimental proof about the pragmatic need of specific methods of moral practice, yet in addition in the light of improvements in the way of thinking of discipline, most remarkably the thoughts related with crafted by the ‘new rehabilitationists’ (Lewis, 2005) and with Anthony Duff’s ‘penal communications’ hypothesis (Duff, McNeillâ€A desistance worldview for wrongdoer the board 2001, 2003). In the finishing up conversation, I attempt to portray out a portion of the parameters of a desistance worldview, however this is planned more as an endeavor to animate discussion about its advancement as opposed to de? ne completely its highlights. 41 Changing ideal models for probation work on Writing toward the finish of the 1970s, Bottoms and McWilliams proclaimed the requirement for another worldview for probation practice, a worldview that ‘is hypothetically thorough, which pays attention to the constraints of the treatment model; however which tries to divert the probation service’s conventional points and qualities in the new correctional and social context’ (1979: 167). Bottoms and McWilliams proposed their worldview against the setting of a predominant view that treatment had been disparaged both exactly and morally. In spite of the fact that they didn't survey the experimental case in any incredible detail, they allude to a few examinations (Lipton et al. , 1975; Brody, 1976; Greenberg, 1976) as building up the wide end that ‘dramatic reformative outcomes are difficult to find and are normally absent’ (Bottoms and McWilliams, 1979: 160). They additionally focused on the hypothetical insufficiencies of the treatment model, taking note of a few ? aws in the similarity between probation mediations and clinical treatment; ? st, wrongdoing is willful though most infections are not; second, wrongdoing isn't neurotic in any clear sense; and third, singular treatment models disregard the social reasons for wrongdoing. More terrible despite everything, disregard of these ? aws delivered moral issues; they contended that over-con? dence in the possibilities for affecting change through treatment had allowed its backers both to force guilty parties into mediations (in light of the fact that the treatment supplier was a specialist who knew best) and to overlook offenders’ perspectives on their own circumstances (since wrongdoers were survivors of their own absence of knowledge). You read Desistance in class Exposition models Maybe most guilefully of all, inside this philosophy pressured treatment could be justi? ed in offenders’ own eventual benefits. Bottoms and McWilliams additionally observed a significant ‘implicit con? ict between the determinism suggested in analysis and treatment and the as often as possible focused on casework rule of customer selfdetermination’ (1979: 166). In what manner would offenders be able to be at the same time the items on whom mental, physical and social powers work (as the term finding suggests) and the creators of their own fates (as the standard of self-assurance requires)? Bottoms and McWilliams’ trust was that by uncovering the shortcomings of the treatment worldview, they would take into account a renaissance of the probation service’s conventional guiding principle of expectation and regard for people. They recommended that the four essential points of the administration ‘are and have been: 1 2 3 4 The arrangement of proper assistance for guilty parties The legal management of wrongdoers Diverting suitable guilty parties from custodial sentences The decrease of crime’ (1979: 168). 42 Criminology Criminal Justice 6(1) It is their conversation of the ? rst and second of these goals that is generally applicable to the conversation here. In any case, it is significant ? rst that, for Bottoms and McWilliams, the issue with the treatment model was that it accepted that the fourth goal must be accomplished through the quest for the ? rst three; a presumption that they proposed couldn't be continued exactly. 2 as to the arrangement of help instead of treatment, Bottoms and McWilliams dismissed the ‘objecti? cation’ of guilty parties suggested in the ‘casework relationship’, wherein the wrongdoer turns into an item to be dealt with, relieved or oversaw in and through social approach and expert practice. One outcome of this objecti? ation, they proposed, is that the definition of treatment plans rests with the master; the methodology is basically ‘of? cer-centred’. Bottoms and McWilliams (1979: 173) proposed, by method of complexity, that in the non-treatment worldview: (a) Treatment (b) Diagnosis (c) Client’s Dependent Need as the reason for social work activity becomes Help S hared Assessment Collaboratively De? ned Task as the reason for social work activity In this detailing, ‘help’ incorporates yet isn't restricted to material assistance; probation may keep on tending to passionate or mental dif? ulties, yet this is not, at this point its raison d’etre. Basic

Early Theory Example

Early Theory Example Early Theory †Term Paper Example Feeling hypothesis I think the hypothesis of Jamesâ€Lange hypothesis is most likely the most popular of all speculations of feeling, if for no other explanation than that it has produced a contention that has spread from the nineteenth to the 21st century. Maybe due to this it has additionally acted heuristically and animated different speculations and much research (Cannon 106). He portrayed, appropriately, the ordinary method of conjecturing about these feelings as being:we intellectually see somethingThis produces a psychological influence emotionThis creates some real expression. James contended that the substantial changes follow legitimately the view of the current actuality, and that our sentiment of indistinguishable changes from they happen IS the feeling. For example, regarding the ordinary hypothesis, as opposed to confront some open exhibition to which we are unused now we become restless and afterward have butterflies in the stomach, tremble, stammer, etc. In Jamesâ⠂¬â„¢s terms we face the open execution, have butterflies, tremble, falter, and therefore feel on edge (Cannon 109). James was making an understood volte-face on past idea, the guts of his hypothesis relying upon the view that the instinctive releases related with some outer circumstance really lead to the feeling as we probably am aware and experience it. Backing for this hypothesis depended to a great extent on reflection. The contention can be diminished to a couple of central matters. James affirmed that any sensation has amazingly complex physiological appearances and that these are totally felt, some clearly, some more indefinitely. We envision some compelling feeling and afterward attempt to push from cognizance all sentiments of the real manifestations related with it (Cannon 115). On the off chance that we do this effectively, at that point in James’s terms there will be not much; the feeling will be no more. He refered to numerous instances of how ordinary circumsta nces lead to these intricate, solid real sentiments (seeing a kid peering over the edge of a bluff, for instance) and contended that his case is upheld by how effectively we can group both typical and irregular conduct as indicated by substantial symptoms. In end, this hypothesis contends that afferent criticism from upset organs creates the inclination part of feeling. Any cortical action that originates from this input is simply the feeling. It ought to be recalled that James not just underscored the job of the viscera in feeling yet in addition gave a comparative job to the intentional muscles. This laid the foundation for a quest for substantial examples in feeling and for speculations that pressure the importance of outward appearance in emotion.Work CitedCannon, Walter. The James-Lange Theory of Emotions: A Critical Examination and a Alternative Theory. The American Journal of Psychology 1997 (39): 106â€124.

The western Way of War2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The western Way of War2 - Essay Example The advancements they utilized were embraced from the eastern nations. Consequently the vast majority of the advancements were not Western developments. Any new developments were trailed by practically the various nations. Western nations were not prepared to acknowledge and follow the new innovation. (Geoffrey 2005). They stayed reluctant to explore any kind of innovation. Innovation was by all account not the only rules that choose the achievement of war. Rather different components like monetary force and war plans were the significant viewpoint that chooses the war’s achievement. The following standard of Western method of war was to keep up appropriate control among the warriors in the military. Control was given more noticeable quality than religion. The officers were prepared to co-work and work as a group. The military was shaped with the individuals who lived in the equivalent area(book). The pioneers for such military groups were the pioneers from their territory. During the sixteenth century rally were completed to select individuals for the military. In nations like Greece the ordinary individuals like ranchers were likewise a piece of the military routine. In spite of the fact that military individuals were increasingly trained, it was not made sure about. Innovation and control alone didn't choose the destiny of the war. The war needed to have a dream which helped them to battle against their foe. Strict requirements were not the central factor and it didn't meddle in the achievement of the war. Achievement was chosen just when the foe was completel y vanquished. (Geoffrey 2005).This was not polished in different nations. The primary points of this war were to gather individuals who were utilized as slaves. These slaves were utilized to secure merchandise from the harbor and to help them in other neighborhood work. The vast majority of the nations depended on discipline and mechanical angles. Western nations varied from them in this standard. They had the capacity to change and safeguard the practices they have followed. Nations in the West had the ability to adjust to these changes. This

The Day I Almost Lost My Father :: Personal Narrative Writing

The Day I Almost Lost My Father One day amidst summer, my companion Mike and I got off from a hard day of work and were headed to the shopping center. While at work we had wanted to meet a couple of individuals there. I would have been seeing my companion Jessica who I had not conversed with in years. Prior to leaving, we visited our homes, washed up, and prepared. As I tensely looked out for the steps for his vehicle to fold into the carport, my mother stated, â€Å"Be cautious and don't drive like an idiot.† I clearly said okay and she was on her way. Minutes after the fact I see my companion Mike maneuver into the carport. I slipped my feet into my point of view and got in his vehicle. We were nearly to the shopping center when his telephone rang. He got it and stated, â€Å"Hello?† It was my mother and she needed to address me. After putting the telephone to my ear she revealed to me that I needed to get back home immediately. She said that my father had quite recently gotten into a fender bender and that I needed to get back home and watch my sister. I didn't have the foggiest idea how to break the news to Mike, that what we were foreseeing throughout the day would not occur. He was vexed, however he comprehended what was happening. I got back home reasoning it was the regular old regular old; he had gotten hit by an alcoholic driver, the vehicle got totaled, and he was fine. This time was unique. Regularly when I ask what happened she says, â€Å"You know your father,† or something to that nature. This time was extraordinary; she would not converse with me or mention to me what occurred. I later discovered that my father had broken his hip and pelvis. This occasion extraordinarily influenced me, both genuinely and truly. My father was in the medical clinic in a ton of torment since he broke the two most excruciating issues that remains to be worked out and I was unable to go see him on account of my work routine and in light of the fact that I needed to watch my sister. At last, in the wake of four difficult days I saw him. Despite the fact that he is my father, I should state he was a wreck. He was unable to move by any means, and when he attempted to he was in a great deal of torment.

The Liminal Experience in Angela Carter’s The Erl King - Literature Essay Samples

Liminality pervades Angela Carter’s short story collection, entitled The Bloody Chamber, in her characters, physical settings and even her narrative voice. The bloody chamber, as a physical ‘chamber’ can refer to a room where violence and enlightenment occur simultaneously. It is a space of transformation for the heroine that changes her irrevocably. Bloody chambers are often connected with not only the blood of violence, but also with the bloodshed when a woman loses her virginity and when she menstruates. The concept bloody chamber can also refer to the vagina or womb, and Carter uses this fact to underscore the connection between womens sexuality and the violence they experience. Carter creates an atmosphere that possesses elements of the ‘bloody chamber’, both power and torment simultaneously, particularly in ‘The Erl King’, a story in which all aspects exist liminally. The narrator in the Erl-King describes the sensation of liminali ty as vertigo. When the Erl-King, a liminal creature who is half-human, half-woods, draws her into his gravity of in-betweenness, she is unpleasantly disoriented. This disorient translates to the ambiguity of the King’s identity and the narrator’s intentions. In literature, liminal spaces traditionally give the occupant both power and torment. By existing in two states or being two things simultaneously, the occupant has qualities of both. At the same time, he or she is condemned to never live in either state. The two halves of the liminal beings experience do not seem to make a satisfying whole. Her more radical statement, however, is that all women are forced to live life as a liminal experience. Carter’s liminal experience in the text works to deconstruct and reposition female sexuality in a male-dominated space. The narrator, a female, lives subconsciously on the threshold of the ‘virgin’ and the ‘sexual being’, unable to identity f ully with either; Carter is suggesting that women who use their sexuality as empowerment are isolated from society and those who neglect it are oppressed by patriarchal figures, particularly, the Erl King.Carter begins the text in a relatively conventional way; her narrative voice is easily accessible. However, at first mention of the forest and the King, who are eventually revealed to be the same being, Carter manipulates the reality planes in the story, indicating the effects that the forest has physically and mentally; â€Å"The woods enclose and then enclose again, like a system of Chinese boxes opening one into another†¦it is easy to lose yourself in these woods.†(Carter 85) The narrator is aware of the demystifying effects of her surroundings, but seeks out the dangers anyway, representing the naivety in young women. She discloses in her winding sentences that the woods and the object of her desire, the Erl King, are the same being; he exists in the state of forest and man simultaneously; â€Å"When he combs his hair that is the color of dead leaves, dead leaves fall out of it; they rustle and drift to the ground as though he were a tree and he can stand as still as a tree†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Carter 87) She makes mention of his physical body as well; â€Å"†¦because his flesh is of the same substance as those leaves that are slowly turning into earth.†(Carter 88) The Erl King is neither man nor woods, and his seducing tendencies prove successful upon the ‘virginal/highly sexual’ female narrator. The narrator must not be portrayed as a victim; instead, Carter is propping her up as an independent, sexual being. She confesses that it is only the ‘imprisoning’ effect that the King possesses that inspires fear in her: â€Å"I am not afraid of him; only, afraid of vertigo, of the vertigo with which he seizes me. Afraid of falling down.†(Carter 87) Vertigo is a type of dizziness, where there is a feeling of mo tion when one is stationary. The narrator is experiencing the King ‘liminally’ in a physical sense, and in a mental state, as well as in a sexually liberating way and entrapping way.The relationship between the King and the narrator is highly romanticized by the latter. The erotic language and artful images of nature are characteristic of the Romantic Era, one that Carter is utilizing in a contemporary way. However, while the Romantics looked to nature as a source of spiritual enlightenment and life, in The Erl-King, it is a source of confinement and death. The narrators initial description of the woods already foreshadows her entrapment; she depicts the light filtering through the trees as these vertical bars of a brass-coloured distillation of light coming down from sulphur-yellow interstices in a sky hunkered with grey clouds.(Carter 86) Since the narrator is complicit in her imprisoning, she knows that she is caged or trapped from the moment she enters the woods. Sh e is subject to their power; because everything in the woods is exactly as it seems,(Carter 86) any person who steps into them imprints her own desires on them. On one level, the narrator desires to be caught, and the cage-like patterns of light are reflections of this desire. She admits her knowledge by stating, this light admits of no ambiguities.(Carter 87) The narrator even details her impending punishment before she comes into contact with the King, â€Å"The two notes of the song of a bird rose on the still air, as if my girlish and delicious loneliness had made me into a sound.†(Carter 85) Carter characterizes the song of birds as â€Å"girlish and delicious†, commenting on the vulnerability of women in sexual situations. However, the narrator matures quickly in response to the ‘marriage-like’ proposal that the King has in store for her.The narrator herself begins to convey liminal elements, as she falls subject to her virginal side as well as her sexually independent nature. This is characterized when he explains the King’s effect on her; â€Å" Your touch both consoles and devastates me.†(Carter 89) She encourages the Erl-Kings domination because she is caught in the vertigo between her erotic desire for the Erl-King and her desire to be independent. Summarizing her dilemma in two words, she calls him a tender butcher; she knows that he is both her lover and destroyer. Carter cleverly manipulates setting as character, as the narrator becomes an active figure within the thematic ‘bloody chamber’. The King is her source of pleasure and punishment, as he strips her of her virginity and of her sexual appetite; her identity is highly ambiguous. She believes that the Erl-King can enlighten her by consuming her; she wishes, I should like to grow enormously small, so that you could swallow me Then I could lodge inside your body and you would bear me.(Carter 89) In the end, the narrators extreme solution is to kill the Erl-King and supplant male domination with female domination. While other heroines in Carters stories find happiness in relationships with men, the narrator of The Erl-King rejects them entirely. She must kill the male figure in order to substitute him as creator. The narrator admits she was conscious of the dangers of ‘subjugation’ all along, and confesses, â€Å"†¦I loved him with all my heart and yet I had no wish to join the whistling congregation he kept in his cages although he looked after them very affectionately†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Carter 90) Carter is ultimately commenting on the ‘imprisoning’ effects of marriage. The narrator equates a marital bond with that of a ‘caged’ bird and it’s owner, she rejects surrender by liberating herself through sexual violence.The narrator and Erl King both exhibit liminal tendencies; the King exist in a physical realm of the liminal experience, living in a state of man and forest simultaneously, meanwhile, the narrator exists mentally on the threshold between vulnerable virgin and independent sexual body. There is a connection to the liminal space in Carter’s thematic symbol of the ‘bloody chamber’, in which the narrator is stripped of her virginity but commits violence as well, in order to expel herself from the forest’s abusing grasp. Carter romanticizes the concepts of sado-masochism and erotic violence in order to artfully convey the oppression women experience in heir surrender to marriage. The narrator, a female, lives subconsciously on the threshold of the ‘virgin’ and the ‘sexual being’, unable to identity fully with either; Carter is suggesting that women who use their sexuality as empowerment are isolated from society and those who neglect it are oppressed by patriarchal figures, particularly the Erl King.Works CitedCharter, Angela. The Bloody Chamber: And Other Stories. Harmondsworth [u.a.: Pen guin, 1986. Print.]

The Untamed Shrew - Literature Essay Samples

William Shakespeare’s play The Taming of the Shrew is set in Padua, where Katherine, the stubborn â€Å"shrew† the title refers to, is pursued by a bachelor named Petruchio who is in search of a wealthy wife. Katherine is known as the most ill-tempered woman in all of Padua, but Petruchio is not unnerved by this and makes it his aim to tame Katherine and turn her into the perfect submissive wife. At the end of the play, Katherine gives a speech that seemingly supports Petruchio’s idealistic values on women which may lead some readers to believe she has successfully been tamed. However, Katherine is not truly tamed, instead she has become a smarter version of herself and recognizes when and where she needs to pretend to conform to society’s standards in order to get what she wants, whereas before she would blurt out whatever came into her mind and often got in trouble for it. In addition, The Taming of the Shrew is a comedy and during her speech, Katherine uses irony to support her arguments, hinting that Shakespeare intended for it to be taken comically. At the start of the play, Katherine’s bold personality and unwillingness to back down is distinct, but as the story progresses she learns to control herself and choose her battles wisely, which some may mistake as her mindset being completely changed. Throughout the play, she is constantly switching between acting obedient and being her usual witty self, alluding that her actual character is not changed by the influence of Petruchio at all, she has simply learned how to deal under circumstances. An example of this is when Petruchio starves and deprives Katherine of sleep for days as a method for taming her. As time goes by, Katherine begins to pick up on his plan and instead of encouraging Petruchio’s temper to rise by fighting back as she would have before, she uses phrases like â€Å"I pray you, husband† (IV. i. 168), showing her grown maturity to situations like these. This scene takes place in front of Grumio and the servants, so Katherine decides to play the role of the desirable wife in their eyes in order to make herself look better. By begging Petruchio and calling him â€Å"husband†, she makes herself seem like she is finally submitting to him and gives Petruchio the twisted belief that he has authority over her. This gives Petruchio less reason to lash out and Katherine recognizes that in the future she will gain from these actions, which ultimately does happen when Petruchio no longer prevents Katherine from eating and sleeping. There are also other instances where Katherine rejects Petruchio’s values, knowing that it will not hurt her significantly in the long run. Not long after Katherine pleads with Petruchio, she stands up for herself when she wants a cap that he refuses to get for her. Petruchio tells her that she is not deserving enough to have the cap, to which she responds â€Å"Why, sir, I trust I may have leave to speak, / And speak I will. I am no child, no babe† (IV. iii. 78-79). After Petruchio i gnores her, she firmly announces â€Å"Love me, or love me not, I like the cap, / And it I will have, or I will have none† (IV. iii. 89-90), reflecting her beliefs that women should not be restricted by men. Katherine and Petruchio are alone with only the haberdasher, who is not of great importance in their society, as a witness to this harsh conversation. When in an almost private setting, Katherine is free to express what is really on her mind and does not need to act like she is submissive to Petruchio. She knows that at this very moment, fighting back with Petruchio will not do her much harm, and therefore uses the opportunity to voice her opinions. Although at first Katherine could not restrict herself vocally, her growing maturity and undeniable intelligence shines throughout the play when she manages to deceive people into thinking she truly has changed. This intelligence is seen time and time again when Katherine uses her docile act to keep her reputation with the public in place and to gain some power in society. When Petruchio announces he is going to leave the wedding reception, Katherine fights back in front of all the guests saying â€Å"Do what thou canst, I will not go today, no, nor tomorrow, not till I please myself. The door is open, sir. There lies your way† (III.ii.214-216). In Shakespearean times, this exchange is seen as public humiliation for both Petruchio and Katherine. Katherine’s sharp tongue and Petruchio’s unableness to tame her shows the public what a disastrous couple they are. As their bond strengthens, Katherine and Petruchio come to realize that while they might never completely agree on anything, they are in an unspoken partnership together against the public. In a way, they are the outcasts in their community because of the one thing they share in common- their headstrong and stubborn personalities. They understand the importance of their presentation to their families, and therefore know how to manipulate people into thinking that they are a stable couple. All of a sudden, Petruchio is so confident that Katherine will obey him when he calls for her that when Lucentio proposes twenty crowns for whoever’s wife comes, he replies â€Å"Twenty crowns? / I’ll venture so much of a hawk or hound, / But twenty times so much upon my wife (V. ii. 74-76). This unexpected change of attitude towards Katherine displays how much the couple’s private and public life differs. In the safety of their own home, Katherine would never follow Petruchio’s lead, but in this scene Petruchio knows Katherine will assume her submissive wife identity because they are surrounded by other people and need to uphold a good reputation in front of them. By being the only woman who went to her husband when called for, she is given a position of power over the other wome n, something which she never would have had at the beginning of the play. She then uses this power to give a speech on the importance of women pleasing their husbands and includes many ironic references in it, suggesting that she does not believe there is any truth behind her words. Katherine’s ironic wording of her speech indicates that Shakespeare aimed for it to be a mockery of the idealistic marriage at that time because she uses phrases and terms that are exaggerated and do not reflect her encounter with marriage. She states â€Å"And for thy maintenance commits his body / To painful labor both sea and land, / To watch the night in storms, the day in cold, / Whilst thou liest warm at home, secure and safe† (V. ii. 164-167). Here, she describes how husbands work endlessly in pain for the benefit of their wives while their wives are safe at home, their only requirement being to obey their husbands. Katherine’s own experience is much different from this since Petruchio lives off Katherine’s money and does not do any work. At one point, her home wasn’t safe or secure either because Petruchio starved her and deprived her of sleep. Both these points she makes completely oppose her experience and add some comedic value to the spe ech, proving she is not being literal with her speech. As Shakespeare’s The Taming of the Shrew progresses, Katherine’s character develops from an uncontrollable shrew to a clever woman. She is deceptive in her ways and chooses when to fight and when to back down as it suits her. Her speech at the end does not reveal that she is tamed, it demonstrates her newfound maturity as she has the ability to handle compromising situations that go against her beliefs calmly. Furthermore, The Taming of the Shrew is a comedy and many of the themes in it such as Katherine’s speech are meant to be taken humorously instead of literally. This is another indication that by the end of the play, Katherine is not tamed, she is simply wiser.

Criminal Laws And The Cruel Treatment Of Alleged Criminals

Criminal procedures are safeguards against the indiscriminate use of criminal laws and the cruel treatment of alleged criminals. In detail, they are designed to impose the constitutional rights of criminal the defendants, starting with initial police contact and continuing through arrest, trial, investigation, sentencing, and appeals. The purpose of this essay is to discuss the difference between a misdemeanor and felony, speedy trial for misdemeanors and felonies, and the Speedy Trial Act of 1974. Difference in Misdemeanor and Felony According to Attonery.com both a misdemeanor and felonies are criminal charges however with one big difference, a misdemeanor you are in a local or county jail and a felony you are in a state or federal prison. Misdemeanors Misdemeanors offenses are punishable by substantial fines and sometimes jail time, usually less than one year. Any jail term would most likely be served in a county jail, rather than a state or federal correctional institution. Minor crimes consisting of offenses such as petty theft, which is the theft of items with little worth, normally a person can t be arrested for a misdemeanor unless the crime was committed in front of the officer. Petty offense misdemeanors are usually held in a shortened trial, where defendants do not have the right to court-appointed lawyers if they can t afford one. Jury trials can be available, depending upon the type of misdemeanor alleged. Misdemeanors are classified according to theirShow MoreRelatedDo We Need An International Criminal Court?1227 Words   |  5 Pages Do we need an international criminal court ? The International Criminal Court (ICC), governed by the Rome Statute, is the first interminable, treaty based, international criminal court established to help end exemptions for the perpetrators of the most serious and heinous crimes of concern to the international community. The ICC was mandated in July of 1998 but was bought into force by July of 2002.1 The Rome Statute is a mutual treaty which serves as the ICC s foundational and leading documentRead MoreAn Analysis of Forensic Psychology in the Film, Primal Fear2856 Words   |  11 Pagesinnocence. The evidence produced by Frances ascertaining that the mental disorder triggered the criminal offenses supports Vails assertion that there was a third person in the residence of the archbishop who killed him and framed it on the desperate boy. According to the statement read in the courtroom by the judge, Miriam Shoat, the death of the Archbishop is brutal and predetermined. According to the criminal report and investigations, the defender stabbed the priest multiple times, chopped off hisRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Prevention Act Of 19741576 Words   |  7 Pages Throughout the semester, we have been reading and exploring the internet on juvenile delinquents. We as a class have had many good questions to answer about the different ways juveniles are treated, and what the correct or incorrect treatment is for juveniles. We have written many papers and had many discussion on historical milestones, landmark cases, adult courts, juvenile courts, probation and parole, detention centers and juvenile training programs. This semester has really changed the wayRead MoreSensitive Issues Like Taking An Alleged Offender On Remand 1223 Words   |  5 PagesSensitive issues like taking an alleged offender on remand, extra-judicial kill-ings through cross-fire or death in cus-tody have become a source of concern for those who are interested in the upho lding of human rights and due process of law. Controversy has also been generated be-cause of less than clear answers from those in charge of maintenance of law and order in the ministry of home affairs. I have tried to understand good govern-ance and human rights within the context of the variousRead MoreEssay on Juveniles Tried as Adults1272 Words   |  6 PagesThirteen-year-old boy, Cristian Fernandez of Jacksonville, Florida was born on January 14 of 1999 to a mother who was as old as he is today. On March 15 2011, he was arrested relating to the alleged beating of his 2-year-old brother, David. At the time of his arrest, David was under care of St. Luke’s Hospital, receiving treatment for injuries he sustained the day before. It states that Cristian shoved his 2-year-old brother against a bookshelf, causing the young child to have severe head damage. Cristian’sRead MoreThe Death Penalty Act Of 1851 Essay1724 Words   |  7 Pages Legal executions in Californian were authorized under the criminal practice act of 1851 and later lead capital punishment to be incorporated into the penal code on Feb. 14, 1872. Essentially, hanging was allowed to be implemente d and caused executions to be publicized. In 1937, legislature allowed lethal gas which effectively replaced hanging and lead to the building of the only lethal gas chamber in the state of California at San Quentin. The first execution by lethal gas was conducted in 1938Read MoreA Brief Note On Criminology And Criminal Justice Essay1696 Words   |  7 Pages1. Scholars in criminology and criminal justice have suggested the following: â€Å"Any criminology worthy of its name should contain a comparative dimension. The contents of cultural meaning that are loaded into a subject are too variable for it to be otherwise.† Explain this statement. Use examples in the explanation. Criminology and criminal justice are multidimensional studies that require numerous perspectives in order to create well-rounded findings. Crime is largely intertwined with culture. InRead MoreFighting Terrorism without Infringing on Human Rights Essay826 Words   |  4 Pageserosion of the rule of law in established and emerging democracies and giving comfort to undemocratic governments that previously were the subject of intense pressure on their human rights policies.[1] It is very important to investigate this assumption in order to prevent erosion of human rights established as our core values in globally accepted legal framework. Human rights at stake are usualy: â€Å"freedom from arbitrary arrest and imprisonment, and freedom from torture, cruel and unusual punishmentRead MoreCriminals And Their Crimes By Mark Jones1640 Words   |  7 PagesMark Jones (2009) has written a book, not only for those seeking a degree in criminal justice, but also for Christians, that has been carefully researched and written with the goal of uncovering 25 Biblical â€Å"criminals† and their crimes. He provides a deep and thought provoking message with each story. In the book, Criminals of the Bible, Jones (2009) begins each lesson with an excerpt of the scriptural reference for the crime being discussed and then gives a short biography of the principle charactersRead MorePsychology And The Legal System. Paper 1. With Recent Legislative1302 Words   |  6 Pagesappropriate for the offenders who show the most progress. It usually allows the offender to be paroled closer to the minimum term than those who have not shown any progress. These decisions are taken into account of the individual offender’s crime, their criminal history, conduct while in prison, and if any efforts were put toward rehabilitation. The victims of the offender’s crime may also submit statements to the courts, parole boards, prosecutors, and even Governors about the crime and the impact that